OPV may refer to:

• Offshore patrol vessel
• Optionally piloted vehicle, a hybrid between a conventional aircraft and an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)
• Oral polio vaccine, usually the Sabin preparation
• Original promotional videos (or sometimes other people's videos), unofficial music videos usually produced by anonymous fans, using the official audio version of a song but substituting alternative video footage
• Organic photovoltaic
• Om Prakash Valmiki, Dalit writer and poet. His autobiography, Joothan, is a well known work in Dalit literature
• OPV Nemesis, an Offshore Patrol Vessel of the New South Wales Police Force
• Old Poland Voivodeship
• Old Providence vireo (Vireo crassirostris), a bird of the West Indies
• Om Prakash Verma
• Omer Pashë Vrioni
• Omicron Persei VIII
• Operation Polar Valor
• Operation Police Victory
• Optional preferential voting, a system of vote-casting used in New South Wales and the Northern Territory in the Commonwealth of Australia
• OPV AIDS hypothesis, an alternative theory regarding the origin of the AIDS virus